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Future in the Past
Future in the Past використовується, коли ми говоримо про майбутні події з точки зору минулого моменту.
👉 Тобто в минулому планували, очікували, обіцяли або передбачали щось, що було майбутнім тоді, але ми розповідаємо про це зараз.
📌 Часто вживається у непрямій мові, оповіданнях, спогадах.
Основні способи утворення
Future in the Past має кілька форм, кожна з яких має своє значення.
WOULD + V (інфінітив без to)
✅ Вживання:
- обіцянки
- передбачення
- рішення на той момент
- непряма мова
ǹee; Формула:
S + would + V
📘 Приклади:
- He said he would call me.
- I knew she would agree.
- They promised they would help.
📌 Would = will у минулому
WAS / WERE GOING TO + V
✅ Вживання:
- плани
- наміри
- рішення, прийняті заздалегідь
- плани, які часто не здійснились
ǹee; Формула:
S + was/were going to + V
📘 Приклади:
- I was going to study medicine, but I changed my mind.
- She wasn’t going to tell anyone.
WAS / WERE TO + V (формально)
✅ Вживання:
- офіційні плани
- домовленості
- накази, розклад (часто в офіційних текстах)
ǹee; Формула:
S + was/were to + V
📘 Приклади:
- The meeting was to begin at 9 a.m.
- He was to become a famous doctor.
WAS / WERE ABOUT TO + V
✅ Вживання:
- дія ось-ось мала статися
- майже неминуча подія
ǹee; Формула:
S + was/were about to + V
📘 Приклади:
- I was about to leave when he called.
- She was about to cry.
Порівняння форм
| Форма | Значення | Приклад |
|---|---|---|
| would + V | обіцянка, прогноз | He said he would help |
| was/were going to | намір | I was going to call you |
| was/were to | офіційний план | The train was to arrive |
| was/were about to | дія ось-ось | He was about to speak |
Future in the Past у непрямій мові (Reported Speech)
| Пряма мова | Непряма |
|---|---|
| “I will call you.” | He said he would call me. |
| “I am going to travel.” | She said she was going to travel. |
📌 will → would
📌 be going to → was/were going to
Типові помилки
| ❌ Помилка | ✅ Правильно |
|---|---|
| He said he will come. | He said he would come. |
| I knew she will help. | I knew she would help. |
| They was going to win. | They were going to win. |
Приклади речень
- I knew I would succeed one day.
- She said she was going to buy a car.
- He was about to start the operation when the alarm went off.
- The patient was to be discharged the next day.
- We thought the weather would improve.
Порівняння з Future Simple
| Future Simple | Future in the Past |
|---|---|
| will do | would do |
| am going to do | was going to do |
| is about to do | was about to do |
| is to do | was to do |
Коротке резюме
| Питання | Відповідь |
|---|---|
| Коли вживаємо? | майбутнє з точки зору минулого |
| Основні форми | would, was/were going to, was/were to |
| Де часто? | непряма мова, оповідання |
| Аналогія | Future Simple → у минулому |






